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4..例题分析
以95年考题中第二篇短文和96年考题的第二篇短文为例。
例1.先看选择项
13.A.Saving food for the next meal.
B.Eating food at any time.
C.Keeping food from spoiling.
D.Avoiding being stuffed or starved.
14.A.Keeping food in a refrigerator.
B.Leaving food by fire.
C.Preserving food with salt.
D.Leaving food in the sun.
15.A.Not mentioned. B.To dry food.
C.To cook food. D.To use salt.
文章的题材属于一般性知识介绍。浏览选择项，可以发现本文内容与食品有关，因为重复率最高的词是food。再仔细看，14题中提到了四种保存食品的方法，而15题的(B)与14题的(D)、(C)与(B)、(D)与(C)在意思上吻合。用不同的表达结构，重复了食品保存的内容，正好选择项中出现了preserve和keep两个同义词，这样使我们初步预测出文章主题和可能提到的三种不同保存食品的方法。
问题的预测：这篇文章问题预测比较简单。13题选择项的线索比较凌乱，似乎是what do people do with food。根据经验，这种选择项的设计大都问的是中心思想，文章主题或正误问题，可放在一边，待听录音时验证。14、15题讲的都是几种食品保存方法、意思上有重复，但问题不会重复，是不是会问“人们最喜欢用哪种方法”，“哪种方法最好”，“哪种方法最普及或最先使用”等等，有了这些预测，就可为听录音时捕捉信息作好准备。
请看录音原文：
Long ago people had no way to keep food from spoiling.So they ate all they possibly could and hoped it wouldn‘t be too long before the next meal.Mealtime was any time they found food.So they were either stuffed or starved most of the time.No one knows for sure how people first learned to preserve food.Maybe they accidentally left food in the sun and discovered that the dried food kept longer.Maybe they left food by the fire and found out that cooked food not only kept longer but tasted better.Somehow someone learned that salt helps preserve meat and fish and even vegetables.Through the years people have continued to learn new and better ways of preserving food from one growing season to another.
Questions:
13.What does preserving food mean?
14.Which of the following methods of preserving food is not mentioned in the passage?
15.What is the way people first learned to keep food from spoiling?
例2.先看选择项：
13.A.Nobody came to talk to the speaker.
B.People didn‘t listen to the speaker attentively.
C.People kept interrupting the speaker.
D.People made fun of the speaker.
14.A.Because people are passive listeners.
B.Because people are unwilling to talk.
C.Because people enjoy answering any question.
D.Because people like to talk to you about themselves.
15.A.Be an attentive listener. B.Don‘t talk about yourselves.
C.Be interested in yourselves. D.Talk less and do more.
这是一篇小故事。文中重复率最高的词是speaker,listener,talk,初步预测此文与交谈有关。13题四个选择项均为句子，说的是对讲话人的态度：“没人与他交谈”，“人们不注意听他讲话”，“人们不断打断他”，“人们开他的玩笑”；14题很明显问的是原因；15题是四个祈使句，估计是What does the passage try to tell us或what advice does…give us。带着这些预测，在听录音时就可以重点记忆有关内容，并在相应的选择项旁做记号。
请看录音原文：
When I first went to London as a student,I sat alone during parties with my glass of wine.I hoped people would think that I was having great thoughts and that someone might come up to me and say:“Excuse me,I hope you won‘t mind my coming up to you like this.I don‘t want to interrupt your thoughts.But really,you are the only interestinglooking person in the room.May I talk to you?”It never happened.Here is some advice if you would like to be a good conversationalist.Be an attentive listener.Encourage others to talk about themselves.To be interesting,be interested.Ask questions that other people will enjoy answering.Encourage them to talk about themselves and what they have done.Remember that the people you are talking to are a hundred times more interested in themselves and their problems than they are in you and your problems. A person‘s toothache means more to that person than a famine in Africa which kills a million people.A pain in one‘s arm interests one more than forty earthquakes in America.Think of that the next time you start a conversation.Diogenes,the Greek philosopher who is supposed to have lived in a barrel,said:“The reason why we have two ears and only one mouth is so that we may listen more and talk less.”
Questions:
13.What happened to the speaker at parties?
14.Why should we encourage others to talk about themselves in order to be good conversationalists?
15.What can we learn from what the Greek philosopher said?
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